This SOP describes the procedure for evaluating the susceptibility of adult sand fly
vectors (Phlebotomus spp. and Lutzomyia longipalpis) to insecticides with the WHO
tube test. The bioassay procedure described directly measures response to exposure,
as sand fly mortality 24 h after exposure to a known standard concentration of an
insecticide (e.g., the discriminating concentration, DC) for 1 h. This procedure should be
followed to test the susceptibility of sand flies to insecticides that can be impregnated
onto filter papers and not for insecticides that are unstable or cannot be impregnated on
filter papers.

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